CORRESPONDENCE | ONE WORD | GRAMMAR | PHRASES | BUSINESS | REVIEW | ARTICLES | INTERESTING | PROVERBS | SYNTAX | LINKS | CORRECTIONS

Correspondence___ back

Этот раздел предназначен для ответов на ваши вопросы, а также для прочих посланий, которые автор рассылки захочет адресовать всем своим подписчикам. Автор оставляет за собой право публиковать фамилии приславших вопросы, если ими прямо не указано обратное. Присылайте вопросы, ответы, предложения, впечатления, критику и т.д. и т. п.: kosandr111@chat.ru?Subject=English

Q: Есть ли в Интернете он-лайновый англо-русский словарь по математике? Перевожу статью к диплому, связанную с математической статистикой, и мучаюсь с терминологией (некоторых выражений нет в моем словаре). Заранее благодарю за помощь. Sent in by Косинова Н.

Q: Could you, please, help me to translate the following: 'Муниципальное Общеобразовательное Учреждение' ("Municipal General Education Institution", is this correct?) "ИНН (Идентификационный Номер Налогоплательщика)" ("Tax-payer('s) Identification Number"?) Sent in by Иван Русских.

ONE WORD ___ back

multitudinous - 1) разно(много)образный 2) множественный, многочисленный

diversified - различный, разнообразный, разный, разносторонний

divergent - 1) отличающийся 2) расходящийся в разные стороны

variegated - 1) разнообразный, разносторонний, неоднородный 2) разноцветный, пестрый

multitudinous: ~ ‘noun’, to be ~ | diversified: ~ ‘noun’ | divergent: ~ ‘noun’ | variegated: ~ ‘noun’

Occasionally De Coude dropped in, but the multitudinous affairs of his official position and the never-ending demands of politics kept him from home usually until late at night. The Return Of Tarzan, by Edgar Rice Burroughs The female servants and female visitors were running constantly to and fro; and there were such multitudinous demands for hot water, such repeated outcries for needles and thread, and so many half-suppressed entreaties of 'Oh, do come and tie me, there's a dear!' that Mr. Pickwick in his innocence began to imagine that something dreadful must have occurred--when he grew more awake, and remembered the wedding. The Pickwick papers by Charles Dickens The grass, too, was less flowering, though there were still gorgeous patches mottling the greensward; and lastly, the fauna was less multitudinous. The Land that Time Forgot, by Edgar Rice Burroughs The next moment, in a flashing vision of multitudinous detail, he sighted the whole sea of life's nastiness that he had known and voyaged over and through, and he forgave her for not understanding the story. Martin Eden, by Jack London I forgot to do any of the multitudinous other things, tangled the whip lash in Maid's harness, and was forced to call upon Charmian for assistance. The Human Drift, by Jack London The wonder increased; the wonder of the single and infinitely multitudinous adventure of mankind. Soul of a Bishop, by H. G. Wells Up to that hour witnesses were multitudinous Twelve Stories and a Dream, by H. G. Wells He sent multitudinous greetings to the Baron of Bradwardine. Waverley, by Sir Walter Scott

Nevertheless, having little confidence in his own lights, he consulted a celebrated chemist, Vauquelin, from whom he naively inquired how to mix a two-sided cosmetic which should produce effects appropriate to the diversified nature of the human epidermis. Rise and Fall of Cesar Birotteau, by Honore de Balzac The emperor told me that the building of this great empire and the spreading of enlightenment among its diversified and savage peoples had required all the best efforts of nearly two hundred years. The Lost Continent, by Edgar Rice Burroughs 'It is neither a bold nor a diversified country,' said I to myself, 'this country which is three-quarters Flemish, and a quarterFrench; yet it has its attractions too. The Uncommercial Traveller by Dickens There are many among you who will have each his own favourite reason for drinking our chairman's health, resting his claim probably upon some of his diversified successes. Speeches: Literary and Social, by Charles Dickens The sailors, in the main, were English and Scandinavian, and their faces seemed of the heavy, stolid order. The hunters, on the other hand, had stronger and more diversified faces, with hard lines and the marks of the free play of passions. The Sea Wolf, by Jack London For multitudinousness has always been the Liberal characteristic. Liberalism never has been nor ever can be anything but a diversified crowd. The New Machiavelli, by H. G. Wells

So often it happens that this one or that stands condemned by the social laws that govern family relations; and yet there are peculiar circumstances in the case, differences of temperament, divergent interests, innumerable complications of family life that excuse the apparent offence. Father Goriot, by Honore de Balzac His thick knees, huge feet, and broad hands formed a contrast with a priest-like face having a vague resemblance to a calf's head, meek to unmeaningness, and but little brightened by divergent bloodless eyes, divided by a straight flat nose, surmounted by a flat forehead, flanked by enormous ears, flabby and graceless. The Commission in Lunacy, by Honore de Balzac Talk was less restrained in Lucien's house than at Matifat's, for no one suspected that the representatives of the brotherhood and the newspaper writers held divergent opinions A Distinguished Provincial at Paris, by Honore de Balzac Miss Vye was not to be seen by anybody just then; and the reddleman waited in the window-bench of the kitchen, his hands hanging across his divergent knees, and his cap hanging from his hands. The Return of the Native, by Thomas Hardy He had, so it appeared to me, disgracefully overeaten himself; there were hundreds of us there, entirely undigested, including Mother Hubbard and a gentleman named Johnson, against whom, at that period, I entertained a strong prejudice by reason of our divergent views upon the subject of spelling. Paul Kelver, by Jerome K. Jerome What did love have to do with Ruth's divergent views on art, right conduct, the French Revolution, or equal suffrage? Martin Eden, by Jack London We began to talk ourselves into a realisation of what our divergent futures might be. Tono-Bungay, by H.G Wells William James has suggested that on account of this, theology may be obstinately working away from the truth, that the truth may be that there are several or many in compatible and incommensurable gods; science, in the same search for unity, may follow divergent methods of inquiry into ultimately uninterchangeable generalizations; and there may be not only not one universal moral law, but no effective reconciliation of the various rights and duties of a single individual. The Research Magnificent, by H. G. Wells This particularly was a feat Mr. Hoopdriver desired to do, for several divergent reasons; but at present it simply led to convulsive balancings and novel and inelegant modes of dismounting. The Wheels of Chance, by H. G. Wells For a considerable time they followed their divergent inclinations without any realization of their divergence. Soul of a Bishop, by H. G. Wells

These stones, set in a mortar made of reddish earth, display their variegated colors, the warm yellows of the silex, the white of the lime carbonates, the russet browns of the sandstone, in many a fantastic shape. Sons of the Soil, by Honore de Balzac They saw a landscape with mountains and plains, lakes and rivers, very like those upon the earth's surface; but all the scene was splendidly colored by the variegated lights from the six suns. Dorothy and the Wizard in Oz, by L. Frank Baum It isn't what we are, but what folks think we are, that counts in this world. And come to think of it Miss Polly would make a fine variegated breakfast, I'm sure. The Road to Oz, by L. Frank Baum Who was this man who held in his finger these curiously variegated links of an unknown chain? The Secret Adversary, by Agatha Christie Suddenly the variegated flock rose spinning in a soft whirr and dispersed, slashing the sunlit haze with the sharp outlines of stiffened wings. An Outcast of the Islands, by Joseph Conrad This immense booth, with the large stage in front, so brightly illuminated with variegated lamps, and pots of burning fat, is 'Richardson's,' where you have a melodrama (with three murders and a ghost), a pantomime, a comic song, an overture, and some incidental music, all done in five-and-twenty minutes. Sketches by Boz, by Charles Dickens The play and slight agitation of the water, in its upward gush, wrought magically with these variegated pebbles, and made a continually shifting apparition of quaint figures, vanishing too suddenly to be definable. The House of the Seven Gables, by Nathaniel Hawthorne Upon her head was a fanciful turban of purple velvet, figured with silver sprigs, and surmounted by a tuft of variegated feathers. A Romance of the South Sea, by Herman Melville You can bet your variegated socks that the situation is all spifflicated up from the Battery to breakfast! Whirligigs, by O Henry We pursued the margin of the lake for about six English miles, through a devious and beautifully variegated path, until we attained a sort of Highland farm, or assembly of hamlets, near the head of that fine sheet of water, called, if I mistake not, Lediart, or some such name. Rob Roy, by Sir Walter Scott My address is still the same, and I live in a most sweet corner of the universe, sea and fine hills before me, and a rich variegated plain; and at my back a craggy hill, loaded with vast feudal ruins. The Letters of Robert Louis Stevenson It was a semi-circular space, shaped like the half of a bee-hive; and against the rocky wall that formed the inner side of it was a pile of variegated fruits, cocoa-nuts among others. The Island of Doctor Moreau, by H. G. Wells

Modern English Grammar ___ back

PHRASES ___ back

[noun] - 1.случайность 2. возможность, вероятность, шанс, судьба 3. риск

[verb] - 1. происходить, случаться 2. решиться на ч.л., рискнуть

[adjective] - случайный, непредвиденный

NOTE: Как и opportunity, chance можно использовать для выражения идеи, что в благоприятный момент возможна удача. Но в отношении возможности встречи opportunity употреблять нельзя (например, нельзя сказать 'There is an opportunity that I'll see him'). Часто используется выражение chance of (или chances of), за которым должен следовать герундий (не инфинитив). I had the chance of visiting Paris, I had the opportunity to visit Paris мне представилась возможность съездить в Париж I had no opportunity to see him, I had no chance of seeing him у меня не было возможности увидеть его Выражение on the chance (или on the off chance) означает "надеясь". Выражение a good chance имеет следующий ряд антонимов: earthly, poor, slight, slim chance (слабый шанс).

by any chance - возможно 1) If we are separated, and if by any chance I escape, I will try to make my way to the City of Pines. 2) Have I ever been by any chance his enemy? 3) "Has it by any chance occurred to you," asked the Professor, with a ponderous simplicity, "that the Marquis may not say all the forty-three things you have put down for him?

by chance - случайно 1) They did not even acquaint me with their intentions, and I only discovered them by chance, that is why I have been so reserved with you, dear grandpapa. 2)"Will that be the answer," replied the secretary, smiling, "which he must transmit to his Majesty if, by chance, his Majesty should have the curiosity to know why no vessel is to leave any of the ports of Great Britain?"

the chances are - похоже, вероятно 1) When a young man makes up his mind that he will work all night, the chances are that seven times out of ten he will sleep till morning. 2) Because ten lions act similarly under similar conditions one cannot say that the eleventh lion will do likewise--the chances are that he will not. 3) If the shots had really gone at random, the chances are a thousand to one that they would not have hit such prominent and picturesque objects. 4) The chances are, that the whole of this case, serious as it seems now, will tumble to pieces, if we can only break through Rachel's inveterate reserve, and prevail upon her to speak out."

оn the chance - в случае; рассчитывая, надеясь 1) I do assure you that I am not one of those young ladies (if such young ladies there are) who are so daring as to risk their happiness on the chance of being asked a second time. 2) We had decided to stake all on the chance that we would be able to reach the temple. 3) I know that he must take the Diamond himself out of his bankers" hands--and I am acting on the chance that the person who has pledged the Diamond may force him to do this by redeeming the pledge. 4) We went to the cinema on the chance of seeing Paul there. = We went to the cinema on the off chance of seeing Paul there.

to take no chance(s) - не рисковать 1) "If you do not do as I say you shall not accompany the ape to Dover--I will take no chances upon his escaping." 2) In the end, I couldn't make up my mind--and just decided to take no chances either way. 3) He had seen bulls about to run amuck burst thus suddenly from the jungle upon the members of the tribe, and so Go-lat took no chances.

an off chance / an outside chance - ничтожный шанс 1) I found out at the Club that the Other Man is coming up sick--very sick--on an off chance of recovery. 2) "Buck up, old bean. We always knew it was an outside chance.

to chance (up)on - случайно натолкнуться, найти 1) Be as ideal or as abstract as you please, you will be none the less veracious; but if you be weak, you run the risk of being tedious and inexpressive; and if you be very strong and honest, you may chance upon a masterpiece. 2) If you want to make yourself a present, and chance upon a copy of ``The Court and Times of Louis XIV.,'' you will never think that your money has been wasted. 3) At last they chance on the right path, and make Franchard in the early evening, the sorriest pair of wanderers that ever welcomed English ale.

to stand a chance- иметь шансы 1) Whether Porthos understood him or did not understand him, giving way to his anger, "Monsieur," said he, "you stand a chance of getting chastised if you rub Musketeers in this fashion." 2) "But," he added, "in this war prisoners stand a chance of being hung." 3) He was pasting his specimens for him and stood a chance of marrying a very plain, pious cousin.

to take a (one's) chance - рискнуть 1) I took a chance and telephoned, and they said you were here. 2) It is doubtless familiar to many of you, but if you will permit me, I'll take a chance and read it.

an even chance - равные шансы, равновероятно 1) Karl has been in bed with bronchitis for a week. There's an even chance that he will never get up again. 2) Hence it was at least an even chance that the visitor was then wandering on the roof of the house, or vainly seeking to extricate himself from the maze of bedrooms. 3) In either case, it is an even chance that he afterwards unconsciously repurchases the same things at a higher price than he gave for them at first. 4) "'Lem,' says he, 'if you was a true friend you wouldn't hug Mrs. Jessup quite so hard. I felt the bench shake all over just then. You know you told me you would give me an even chance as long as there was any.'

set one's life on a chance - рисковать жинью

BUSINESS ___ back

VOCABULARY: inexorably - неумолимый, непреклонный; projection - прогноз, перспективная оценка; to prompt - вызывать (мысль, страх и т.п.); premise - допущение; предпосылка; fallacy - ошибка, заблуждение; realty - недвижимость; bask in - наслаждаться (покоем, счастьем); sustain - поддерживать; the wide gulf between - большие разногласия между

REVIEW ___ back

1. Для выражения действия (состояния), которое продолжалось, когда совершалось другое действие: When he arrived home his sister was listening to the wireless. Whеге were you living when the war broke out? I saw Mr. Gray when I was walking to school. The boy was knocked down by a bus while he was crossing the street. Was it still raining when you came in? The sun was just setting as we reached home. I dropped my watch when I was winding it last night.

2. Когда нас интересует не столько момент или период совершения действия, сколько его протекание (сам процесс), причем, несущественно завершено оно или нет, а также подчеркивается ограниченная длительность процессов (в течение дня, вечера etc): What were you doing all morning? She was listening to the wireless all evening. They were making cakes this morning.

3. Когда необходимо показать одновременность нескольких действий: She was cleaning the window and he was polishing the forks and spoons.

ARTICLES ___ back

• указательные местоимения (this/these, that/those);
• общая форма притяжательных местоимений (my, your, his, her, its, our, their);
• местоимения which, whose , each, every, some, any, no, (n)either, enough, much, more, most.

Существует две основные характерные черты, которые отличаю определители от других слов группе существительного: 1. Может использоваться только один определитель. 2. За редким исключением он стоит первым в группе существительного: a beautiful red rose; some English books; his new black suit. Существительное в родительном падеже работает как определитель: Andrey's old friend; the manager's office. В последней фразе определенный артикль the относится к manager's, таким образом, не нарушается правило об использовании только одного определителя [the manager's / his / the / this office].

Неопределенный артикль a, an произошел от числительного one и сохранил его некоторые значения. Такой артикль используется только с существительными в единственном числе. Определенный артикль the произошел от указательного местоимения se и его указательное значение тоже ощущается: the lady (=this lady) is waiting to see you. Как правило, артикли безударны. Если первая буква определяемого существительного согласная, то необходимо использовать артикль a, в противном же случае - артикль an (a girl / an eagle). An не используется перед словами, начинающимися с гласной буквы, которая произносится как согласная: a European country; a unit; a one-syllable word. Если первый слог слова безударный (a historian - an historian), то некоторые англичане предпочитают употреблять an перед произносимым h. Употребление артиклей зависит от типа определяемого существительного. Все существительные можно разделить н три группы: исчисляемые (storm, idea, mistake), неисчисляемые (water, gold, courage) и те, что не относятся ни к тем, ни к другим, собирательные (furniture, equipment, the proletariat etc). Исчисляемые имеют форму как единственного числа, так и множественного, а неисчисляемые - не имеют множественной формы. Отдельную группу существительных составляют имена собственные (the Ural, France, Sunday).

Артикли выполнят 3 функции: морфологическую, синтаксическую и коммуникативную. Морфологическая функция состоит в том, что бы сигнализировать о том, что слово следующее за ним является существительным. Синтаксическая функция распадается на две следующих: 1. артикль отделяет группу существительного от остальных слов в предложении; 2. Артикль связывает отдельные предложения в пределах текста. (He bought a book. The book is interesting). Эту функцию иногда выделяют и называют связующей. Коммуникативная функция вытекает из того, что существительное с неопределенным артиклем может вводить новую информацию. В этом случае оно есть the focus of communication (Рема предложения) A pretty girl of about 8 ran into the room. Существительное с определенным артиклем в начальной позиции обычно не является the focus of communication (Тема предложения).

INTERESTING ___ back

His research interests include subjects…=== His areas of research are in…=== He carries out research primarily in the field of…=== He is interested in…=== He works mainly on…=== His research is mainly concerned with…=== His research is in the areas of…=== Main research interests are in the areas of…=== Principally interested in…=== His fields of general interest include…Main current areas of interest include…=== His research interests relate to…=== He is primarily concerned with…=== His research interest lie in…=== Her interests centre on… === Her fields of specialisation include… === His recent research has focused on… === Her current research interests are: === Her current research interests are in…=== Her research interests in financial economics focus on…=== His fields of general interests are…=== She specialises in…=== His research interests span the fields of…=== His current research focuses on…

PROVERBS ___ back

1. Absence makes the heart grow fonder - В разлуке чувство крепнет. Наши чувства к близким и друзьям усиливаются, когда мы удалены от них. Прямо противоположная мысль содержится в пословице: Out of sight, out of mind - С глаз долой, из сердца вон. Мы перестаем беспокоиться о чем-либо, как только оно выпадает из нашего поля зрения. Это же относится и к людям. Отсутствующие друзья обычно быстро забываются.

2. Actions speak louder than words - Дела громче слов. Важно не то, что мы говорим, а то, что делаем. Другие подобные пословицы: Deeds, not words - Дела, а не слова. О человеке судят по его делам, а не по словам; Fine words butter no parsnips - Соловья баснями не кормят. (букв. Красивыми словами пастернак не помаслишь). Высокопарные декларации и обещания не могут заменить практических действий; The greatest talkers are the least doers - Кто много болтает, тот мало успевает. Те, кто больше всех говорят, на деле оказываются весьма посредственными работниками; He who gives fair words feeds you with an empty spoon - Говорящий красивые слова протягивает вам пустую ложку. От того, что нам льстят, мы не становимся лучше; A little help is worth a deal of pity - Малая помощь лучше больших сожалений. Лучше окащать хотя бы небольшую помощь тому, кто в ней нуждается, чем рассыпаться в безполезных сожалениях; Praise without profit puts little in the pot - Одной похвалой сыт не будешь (букв. Горшка не наполнишь). Лестные слова не наполняют желудок, и когда люди одобрительно отзываются о сделанном вами, то это ничего вам не дает, если только он не подкрепят своих слов материальными доказательствами своего одобрения; Empty vessels make the most sound - Пустая бочка пуще всех гремит. Пустоголовые особы всегда более разговорчивы и шумны; They brag most who can do least - Много шума - мало дела. Смысл полностью аналогичен предыдущей пословице.

SYNTAX ___ back

Повествовательное предложение. [1] Предложение может быть утвердительным по форме, но отрицательным по значению. Отрицательное значение передается вторичными междометиями типа (the) hell, like (so much) hell, like fun, (the) devil, (the) deuce, оборотами типа I'll be damned / I am damned, повтор + be damned / blowed / hanged, вторичными междометиями типа my + foot / eye / uncle / aunt (Fanny) / backside, your grandmother, Garn. Например: 1) "I'm all right." - "The hell you are." 2) "Surely we are all civilized people nowadays?" - "Civilized people my foot!" 3) "Sir, it is full half-past ten in the morning." - "The deuce it is! Then it must be precious foggy?" 4) "I will comfort her." - "I'm damned if you do! Look here! I don't mind saying, I'm damned if you do."

LINKS___ back

http://home.t-online.de/home/toni.goeller/idiom_wm/index.html Wayne Magnuson English Idioms, Slang and Sayings. Развитый режим поиска по словам, содержащимся как в самой идиоме, так и в ее значении, а также по алфавиту.

http://phrases.shu.ac.uk/index.html Phrase Finder - a professional writers' resource for generating ideas for headlines, advertising copy, song lyrics, idioms etc.

CORRECTIONS ___ back

#14, Links: правильный вариант ссылки http://home.t-online.de/home/toni.goeller/idiom_wm/index.html